Luc Tuymans

The first U.S. retrospective of the work of Belgian contemporary artist Luc Tuymans -- and the most comprehensive presentation of his work to date -- is on view at the Museum of Contemporary Art (MCA), Chicago from October 2, 2010 through January 9, 2011. Jointly organized by SFMOMA and the Wexner Center for the Arts, Luc Tuymans features approximately 75 key paintings from 1978 to the present and reunites works from important series as initially set out by the artist, thus restoring intended dialogue among the works. This retrospective is co-curated by Madeleine Grynsztejn, Pritzker Director of the MCA, and Helen Molesworth, Chief Curator at the Institute for Contemporary Art in Boston, and the Chicago presentation is coordinated by MCA Pamela Alper Associate Curator Julie Rodrigues Widholm.

Luc Tuymans (born 1958) is considered to be one of the most significant painters working today, and his distinctive visual style and approach to issues of history and memory have influenced an entire generation of younger artists. Interested in the after-effects of the most traumatic events of the last and present century and their representation in the mass media, Tuymans uses a muted palette to create paintings that are at once sumptuous and subtle, enigmatic and disarmingly stark. 2 Born and raised in Antwerp, where he continues to live and work, Tuymans draws on the historical traditions of Northern European painting as well as photography, cinema, and television. He appropriates images from a variety of sources and makes use of cropping, close-ups, framing, and sequencing to offer fresh perspectives on the medium of painting as well as larger cultural issues.

Whether interiors, landscapes, or figural representations, his works might initially suggest relatively innocuous depictions of everyday life -- but there is almost always another meaning lurking beneath their surfaces. Like veiled memories, Tuymans's paintings oscillate between coherence and illegibility, challenging viewers' certainty about not only what they are looking at but also how they should be looking. Perhaps best-known for his early work on the Holocaust, the artist has turned more recently to such topics as the post-colonial history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo; the dramatic turn of world events after 9/11; and the role of institutional religion in an increasingly secular world. These series have led Tuymans to a sustained investigation of the realms of the pathological and the conspiratorial.

Throughout, he has remained committed to representing the unrepresentable in order to make viewers recognize their role as spectators -- and often unwilling accomplices -- to history. “The time is right for an in-depth retrospective of Tuymans's work in this country,” says Madeleine Grynsztejn, MCA Pritzker Director. “As the pre-eminent painter of his generation, his work is one of those rare instances where you see intellectual power and aesthetic individuality meet on canvas. He is a true contemporary history painter, who has honored and evolved the great tradition of painting." Tuymans treats genres including still life, landscape, and portraiture with the same scale and gravity once reserved for grand history painting. Indeed, Tuymans may be said to have reinvented history painting for the present day, using moments from the recent past to shed light on the fragile nature of events. In depicting contemporary scenarios through this traditional painting genre, he also explores disengagement from current realities and the ways in which the contemporary experience is often dramatically mediated by both technology and longstanding cultural narratives.

This retrospective re-creates the original installations of four groups of interrelated paintings -- At Random, Der Architekt, Mwana Kitoko, and Proper -- which the artist intended to be hung in a particular order. The exhibition thus reconstructs the artist's distinctive creative process, highlighting the way in which he moves fluidly from one painting to the next. Because Tuymans experimented with filmmaking early in his career, his strategy draws from theories of filmic montage: one image links to another, and additional meaning is conveyed by the pieces' adjacency. The artist's series At Random explores the subject of perception and disorienting shifts in visual understanding. Shapes and outlines in these paintings emerge slowly from hazy backgrounds. Sometimes the title of a work helps bring a recognizable object into focus, as in the case of The Doll (1994), which first appears to be a misty Northern landscape. It is only after reading the title and spending 3 time in front of the canvas that it reveals more.

The pictures that make up At Random seem exactly that: arbitrary and pulled from the stream of images one constantly encounters. A woman's leg in The Leg (1994), a glimpse through a window in Self-Portrait (1994) -- each may seem insignificant and normally quickly forgotten, but perhaps each conceals some secret within. Der Architekt (The Architect), Tuymans's series devoted to the Holocaust, is the artist's most comprehensive treatment of this recurring topic in his oeuvre, yet the viewer is unlikely to come away with a better understanding of the atrocities that the word encompasses. This reflects Tuymans's larger point - - that certain events defy representation. These mostly monochromatic canvases set up a visual correlation between the Nazi obsession with Aryan purity and the depravity of their actions. Himmler (1998) draws on an official photographic portrait of SS official Heinrich Himmler, who oversaw the concentration camps. The details of his face have been obscured, leaving only an impenetrable blur.

By comparison, K.Z. (1998) is perhaps clearer, as the title is an abbreviation of the German term for concentration camp. But it too turns out to be misleading, showing only a portion of a camp specifically designed to hide its actual conditions from foreign inspectors. In the series Mwana Kitoko, Tuymans confronts the violent legacy of his native Belgium's involvement in the Congo, which was a Belgian colony from 1908 to 1960. This suite centers on the post-colonial situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the shadowy networks of power linked to the assassination of Patrice Lumumba, the first democratically elected prime minister of that country. The Mission (2000) depicts the place where both Lumumba and his political rival Joseph-Désiré Mobutu were educated. Chalk (2000) references a story Tuymans heard about a police officer who pulled two teeth from Lumumba's mouth after his death. Sculpture (2000) brings this historical narrative into the present by depicting a life-size painted wood sculpture, a relic of the colonial era that Tuymans encountered by chance in a restaurant in Antwerp. The retrospective also gathers a selection of paintings from Tuymans's post-9/11 series entitled Proper, which includes his unmistakable painting of Condoleezza Rice, The Secretary of State (2005).

Looking at American society and the Bush administration, Proper explores the artist's view of a country struggling to right itself and, in the process, clinging to propriety in order to maintain an image of strength and normalcy. Ballroom Dancing (2005) portrays the newly revived phenomenon of its title, conveying the trappings of old-fashioned romance and gender roles in an image based on a photograph of the Texas Governor's Ball. The odd observation angle of The Parc (2005) suggests the view from a security camera and so exposes the way surveillance has permeated daily life. Billowing clouds of dust in Demolition (2005) recall the destruction of 9/11 but can also be seen as a metaphor for the confusion that prevents events from being seen clearly. In addition, the exhibition includes works from Tuymans's Der diagnostische blick (The Diagnostic View) series, which he based on images found in a German physician's guide to physical manifestations of various diseases and ailments. 4 With these works, Tuymans draws attention to the medium of painting itself, emphasizing the tensions between the handcraft of painting and the mechanical eye of photography. Luc Tuymans is curating a series of films from the 1920s to the present by European and American filmmakers that have been important to him. The film series includes: The Fall of the House of Usher (1928) by Jean Epstein; Les yeux sans visage (Eyes without a face) (1960) by Georges Franju; Knife in the Water (1962) by Roman Polanski; Angst essen Seele auf (Ali: Fear Eats the Soul) (1974) by Rainer Werner Fassbinder; Coup de Torchon (1981) by Bertrand Tavernier; Come and See (1985) by Elem Klimov; and There Will Be blood (2007) by Paul Thomas Anderson. Tuymans is also adding two unique elements to the exhibition at the MCA, Chicago. He is assembling a small companion exhibition of his source materials made up of Polaroids, magazines, and other archival ephemera that provide the imagery for his paintings. Additionally, Tuymans is creating a wall mural for the 2nd-floor atrium. The mural consists of three figurative images based on statues from the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence, Italy. Tuymans explores the idea of the portrait as a historical genre in painting, yet subverts this tradition by painting anonymous subjects. Catalogue The exhibition catalogue ($60 hardcover; $35 softcover) -- co-produced by SFMOMA and the Wexner Center for the Arts in association with Distributed Art Publishers, Inc. -- forms the most comprehensive volume on the artist to date, with original essays by Helen Molesworth; Bill Horrigan, director of the Media Arts Department at the Wexner Center for the Arts; Joseph Leo Koerner, professor of art history and architecture at Harvard University; and Ralph Rugoff, director of The Hayward at Southbank Centre in London; as well as a joint introduction by the co-curators Grynsztejn and Molesworth. The extensive illustrations are accompanied by text entries that illuminate the painter's primary subjects and themes. Tour Schedule Wexner Center for the Arts, Columbus, Ohio (September 17, 2009 - January 3, 2010) San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (February 6 - May 2, 2010) Dallas Museum of Art (June 6 to September 5, 2010) MCA (October 2, 2010 - January 9, 2011) Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels (February 10 - May 8, 2011) Related Programs Performance: Superamas: EMPIRE (Art & Politics) October 2-3, 2010 One of Europe’s most celebrated young theater companies, Superamas re-enacts a Napoleonic battle and plays upon the subjective nature of how stories are spun to control popular opinion. This startling, often hilarious meta-narrative plays upon the subjective nature of how stories are "spun" to control popular opinion, and how power in the art world has parallels in politics. 5 Generous support for the 2010–11 season of MCA Stage is provided by Elizabeth A. Liebman, the Alphawood Foundation, and David Herro and Jay Franke. Air transportation is provided by American Airlines, the Official Airline of the Museum of Contemporary Art. In-kind equipment support is provided by Shure Incorporated. Accommodations are provided in part by The Seneca Hotel and Suites. The MCA is a proud partner of the National Performance Network. Panel Discussion: History, Violence, Disquiet Saturday, October 2, 1 pm, $12, $8 students, MCA Theater How do we reckon with modern history's traumas? How do the arts confront the fragmented and distancing narratives of violence presented in mass-media? And how does art today conjure a psychic state that allows us to sense, question, and re-envision the collective stories of the present and past century? This afternoon symposium explores these questions through literature, experimental theater, and visual art. Opening with an introduction by MCA Pritzker Director and Luc Tuymans co-curator Madeleine Grynsztejn, the program features a reading by writer Aleksandar Hemon; a conversation with members of the performance group Superamas; and a conversation with artist Luc Tuymans led by curator and writer Hamza Walker.

A book signing takes place immediately following the program. Season support for the MCA lecture and conversation series is generously provided by The Albert Pick, Jr. Fund. Support for MCA lectures has been provided in part by Blanche Koffler, Altheimer & Gray, Aon Corporation, Mr. and Mrs. Allan Harris, Ione Kanne, Renee Logan, Leah and Ralph Wanger, Lenore Wexler, Ellen Stone Belic, James H. Stone, and Cynthia Raskin. Accommodations are provided in part by The Seneca Hotel and Suites. Lecture: Helen Molesworth on Luc Tuymans Tuesday, October 26, 6 pm, $10, $6 students, MCA Theater Helen Molesworth, co-curator of the exhibition Luc Tuymans, discusses Tuymans’s work. She contextualizes it and considers how the mechanisms he uses intentionally establish a psychically charged relationship between the viewers, his subjects, and the paintings themselves. Season support for the MCA lecture and conversation series is generously provided by The Albert Pick, Jr. Fund. Support for MCA lectures has been provided in part by Blanche Koffler, Altheimer & Gray, Aon Corporation, Mr. and Mrs. Allan Harris, Ione Kanne, Renee Logan, Leah and Ralph Wanger, Lenore Wexler, Ellen Stone Belic, James H. Stone, and Cynthia Raskin. Accommodations are provided in part by The Seneca Hotel and Suites. Workshop: Coffee and Art: Cinema and the Work of Luc Tuymans Saturday, December 4, 2010, 10 am - noon Per session: $20, $14 students, to register, call the MCA Box Office at 312.397.4010 A new short art history class. One session, one focus. Coffee, conversation and great artworks. Looking at works in the MCA's galleries, then making connections to other artworks, histories, and ideas in a relaxed, facilitated discussion is the theme of the Coffee and Art workshops. No previous knowledge is necessary. Space is limited, reservations are required. This program is made possible through the continuing support of the Friends of Edwin A. Bergman Fund. Curator's Tour: Luc Tuymans Tuesday, December 7, 2010, noon, free MCA Pamela Alper Associate Curator Julie Rodrigues-Widholm leads a tour of the Luc Tuymans exhibition in the galleries. Family Day: Inside the Box Saturday, November 13, 2010, 11 am to 3 pm, Admission is free for families with children 12 and under. Activities are appropriate for all ages unless otherwise noted. 6 Inspired by the work of artist Luc Tuymans, artists help families experiment with using photography as a source for making paintings. Families can explore the galleries and ask questions about the art and each other. At 1 pm, young students of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians School offer a short concert of experimental music. # # # Image: Luc Tuymans, Body, 1990. Collection of Stedelijk Museum voor Actuele Kunst; © Luc Tuymans; photo: Dirk Pauwels, courtesy the artist. Luc Tuymans is organized by the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and The Wexner Center for the Arts, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Lead support for the Chicago Presentation is provided by the Harris Family Foundation in memory of Bette and Neison Harris: Caryn and King Harris, Katherine Harris, Toni and Ron Paul, Pam and Joe Szokol, Linda and Bill Friend, and Stephanie and John Harris. Major support for the exhibition is generously provided by The Kenneth and Anne Griffin Foundation. Additional support is provided by Neil G. Bluhm, the Stefan Edlis and Gael Neeson Foundation, and the Pritzker Traubert Family Foundation. Air transportation is provided by American Airlines, the Official Airline of the Museum of Contemporary Art. The Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (MCA) is a nonprofit, tax-exempt organization accredited by the American Association of Museums.

Luc Tuymans